Attitude to disability in Islam

Acceptance (religion based)

As a religious doctrine, Islam regards those with disability no differently from those without. In fact it is told that Prophet Mohammed (founder of Islam) took care to ensure that those with disability could participate in prayers. Devoutness and faithful practice are said to be measures of worth in Islam, not physical health, and Bazna and Hatab (cited in Hasnain et al, 2008, p. 27) concluded that "disability is considered morally neutral; it is neither a punishment from God nor a blessing, and it does not reflect any spiritual deformity". Muslims are encouraged to show gratitude for their lives and not to focus on the negative. They are also encouraged to improve their situation and take care of their health through prayer, medical, educational and advocacy resources (MWSC, 2006).

Stigma (culture based)

However, in spite of this position, the stigma associated with disability remains across many Muslim communities, and the difference in attitudes are primarily culture based and should not be confused with Islamic teaching.

In many communities there is lack of acceptance or even hostility, and inaccessibility to community events and places often leave those with disability isolated (Hasnain et al, 2008). It can be difficult to fulfill religious duties as attending Mosque, Islamic classes, managing prayers 3-5 times a day (and the attendant physical activities involved), and making Pilgrimage to Mecca are fraught with challenges for those with an impairment. Although followers with a disability that affects their practice are exempt from religious obligations, many would like to participate in these as part of communal activities and for their own spiritual fulfilment.

Implications for practice

Some clients with an impairment may not be able to manage their religious observances. They may need assistance in finding alternative ways to meet these if the physical challenges are too demanding (e.g. equipment or occupational therapy support).
The need for support and community acceptance is magnified for people with disability who are migrants or refugees; they often arrive facing overwhelming issues of trauma and loss, either with family left behind, and/or for some with the whereabouts of family unknown. The need for religious practices and observances may be heightened for such people.

Identify, or get to know local religious leaders so that you can call on them to assist clients when necessary. An Imam (Islamic religious leader) can be consulted to determine what exemptions of practice apply to your client if there is any doubt.