The impact of culture on the perinatal period

Cultures have differing perinatal practices and expectations of the new mother. Asian, Middle Eastern and African cultures have distinct cultural patterning during this period which informs wide ranging aspects of daily life, such as how long the mother must be confined in the home, what she can eat and whether she is permitted to shower (Bina, 2008; Kokanovic, 2012; Hanlon, Whiltley, Womdimagegn, Alem & Prince, 2008). To inadequately observe these rituals, may not only lead to social exclusion, but can also risk spiritual harm to women and their families. Upon moving to a new country, a new mother may not have the means or the support from her new society to observe these practices. This dissonance between her cultural expectations and the actuality may lead to mental distress (O’Brien, 2014). The expectation is that migrant women are expected to be carriers of cultural traditions for their families in the new society (Tummala-Narra, 2004).

While there is a perception by health professionals that extended families are protective, a number of studies show that they can also be a source of difficulty for new mothers (Bina, 2008; Oates et al., 2004). If women do not perceive postpartum rituals as helpful to them, they can have a negative effect on their postpartum mood (Bina, 2008). All of these factors may not be applicable to the individual new mother sitting in front of you seeking treatment for mental distress, as the experience of migration and its particular challenges will differ between individuals. However, being mindful of not only the biopsychosocial, but also cultural and spiritual factors inherent in this journey can open up a dialogue with the woman. This can lead to a greater understanding, and thus appropriate treatment for the woman and her family (O’Brien, 2014).