Health related beliefs and practices
Traditional Filipino medicine, religious beliefs and cultural values can lead to misunderstandings and conflict with healthcare providers. These issues include dietary restrictions which need to be observed for every stage of pregnancy, for example, using certain kinds of herbs when preparing special food for the expectant mother. In the Philippines, as well as using medical services, women may use traditional healers and herbal remedies, massage, and spiritual healing through the power derived from Christian saints.
The role of family
Mothers and mothers-in-law have a significant role in providing guidance and support during pregnancy. Women may face a difficult choice between following the guidance of their older family members and those of health care providers (Stewart & Das, 1997). For example, the belief that any kind of medication during pregnancy is dangerous and could affect the physical development of the baby, even including prenatal vitamins.
Gender issues
Vaginal examination by a male doctor is embarrassing for Filipino women. Not only is this a gender issue but it is also a violation of religious and cultural beliefs. Female health practitioners are strongly preferred.